Red Sea Diplomacy: Egypt, Sudan, Eritrea and Somalia issued the El Alamein Joint Declaration rejecting unilateral moves on Nile water rights and warning against interference “under any pretext,” while also affirming Red Sea governance is for littoral states and explicitly rejecting recognition or support for “so-called Somaliland.” Somaliland–Somalia Tensions: Somaliland’s foreign ministry rejected claims by Somalia’s president that Israel plans to use Berbera, saying Mogadishu has no authority over Somaliland’s foreign relations; Somaliland reaffirmed sovereignty and exclusive control over its external affairs. Israel–Berbera Flashpoint: Somalia’s President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud told Al Jazeera Mogadishu will not accept any Israeli presence “under any circumstances,” alleging a naval base and airport use in Berbera; Somaliland residents, he said, oppose it too. Ethiopia Port Talks: Mohamud also said Somalia is ready to allow Ethiopia to use two or three Somali ports for imports and exports under Somali sovereignty, but only through commercial arrangements after a formal request. Horn of Africa Instability: Renewed fighting in Ethiopia’s north between federal forces and TPLF-led rebels, plus Ethiopia–Eritrea diplomatic rupture, is raising fears of wider spillover across the region. Nile Frontline: The summit’s unified stance adds pressure as Ethiopia’s GERD dispute continues to drive regional alignment and counter-moves.